This R code solves the problem of removing duplicates in a dataframe, by comparing the unordered values of two columns. The **dplyr** package is used. ```{r setup, include=TRUE} if(!require(dplyr, quietly = TRUE, warn.conflicts = FALSE)){ install.packages("dplyr", quiet = TRUE) require(dplyr, quietly = TRUE, warn.conflicts = FALSE) } # a small dataset df_test <- data.frame(col_a = letters[c(1,2,3,3)], col_b = letters[c(2,1,3,3)], len = 1:4, stringsAsFactors = F) print(df_test) # create two new columns, remove duplicates, and then remove the two columns df_test_unique <- df_test %>% rowwise() %>% distinct(maxID = max(col_a, col_b), minID = min(col_a, col_b), .keep_all = T) %>% select(-c(maxID, minID)) %>% ungroup() # after removing duplicates print(df_test_unique) ```

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